Bombing of Vemork

At 3:00 A.M. on November 16, 1943, when the duty sergeant roused pilot Owen Roane from his bed, Station 139, the massive U.S. airbase by the North Sea coast, was already alive with the preparations for an impending mission. Orders from the Eighth Air Force command, over a hundred miles to the southwest, had come […]

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Dutch SS

The Germans invaded Holland on 10 May 1940, which surrendered after only four days, giving rise to widespread panic and confusion among the population. The Dutch, who are related both linguistically and racially to the Germans, were taken aback by the confrontation. Prior to World War II, Holland had some 52,000 German residents who lived […]

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Operation Axis [Fall Achse]

<img loading="lazy" data-attachment-id="20757" data-permalink="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202020455/https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2016/10/12/operation-axis-fall-achse/bozen-entwaffneten-badoglio-einheiten-marschieren-durch-die-stadt/" data-orig-file="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202020455/https://weaponsandwarfare.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/bundesarchiv_bild_183-j15358_bozen_entwaffneten_badoglio-einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_stadt.jpg" data-orig-size="798,577" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"Bundesarchiv","camera":"","caption":"II. Weltkrieg 1939 – 1945nEntwaffnete Badoglio-Einheiten in den Strau00dfen der Stadt Bozen.nIn Norditalien hatte der Verru00e4ter, Marschall Badoglio, zahlreiche Verbu00e4nde des italienischen Heeres stationiert, um im gegebenen Augenblick den im Su00fcden ku00e4mpfenden deutschen Truppen in den Ru00fccken fallen zu ku00f6nnen. Aber durch das schnelle Handeln der deutschen Fu00fchrung […]

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The Dimensions of German Aid to Japan

Japanese Type B submarine visits Germany in 1942  To give a quantitative picture of German assistance to the Japanese is impossible. It is clear that German deliveries were drastically limited by the shipping problem, just as were shipments from the Far East to Europe. The chief means of transport, in the absence of Japanese vessels, […]

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The German Airborne Descent on Crete I

Hitler had not initially intended to invade Greece. After his great triumph in the west, and following the refusal of the British to accept defeat and make peace, his thoughts turned to invading Russia, a plan long laid. Before the strike – Operation Barbarossa – he decided that it was necessary to lay the diplomatic […]

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The Germans Attack Greece

At around the same time as the Germans were invading Yugoslavia, they attacked mainland Greece from the north. The Greek army was quickly surrounded and the British troops supporting it were forced to retreat southward. By the end of April 1941, the British had been evacuated to Crete, the Greek King had been sent into […]

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Strange Bedfellows

The Luftwaffe fights today on many fronts-from the Arctic Circle to the Bay of Biscay and the North African desert; from far out over the Atlantic Ocean to the Volga. But we are not alone. The skies are illuminated by the different national colors of other peoples who share our epic struggle for the common […]

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Hungarian Air Force 1930-45 Part I

After World War I, the Allied victors at Versailles met to parcel out 74,971 square miles of Hungarian territory to foreign enemies, stranding nearly half of the Hungarian people under hostile, foreign domination. The Hungarian armed forces were dismantled and military aviation forbidden. Only civilian “aero clubs” were allowed, but they at least preserved some […]

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Hungarian Air Force 1930-45 Part II

Meanwhile, German counter-attacks failed to retake Kiev but did push the Soviets out of Zhitomir, where the 1 Ungarishe Jabostafel found a new base and celebrated its 100th kill in December 1943. Through long months of intense combat, it had suffered the loss of just 6 pilots (plus 2 missing) from an original 37 airmen, […]

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Problems of Coalition Warfare

The German blockade runner Odenwald underway. Odenwald was stopped and boarded by the U.S. Navy light cruiser USS Omaha (CL-4) in the South Atlantic, 6 November 1941. Odenwald was disguised as the U.S. merchantman SS Willmoto and the crew unsuccessfully tried to scuttle the ship. Omaha’s boarding party stopped the flooding, got the ship underway […]

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