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The Beiyang Army (literally “North Ocean Army”) was a powerful, Western-style Chinese military force created by the Qing Dynasty government in the late 19th century. It was the centerpiece of a general reconstruction of China’s military system. The Beiyang Army played a major role in Chinese politics for at least three decades and arguably right […]

The Tibetan Empire at its greatest extent between the 780s and the 790s CE. About 560 AD a local Tibetan chieftain, Gnam-ri slon mtshan, revolted against his Zan-Zun overlords and established the Yarlung dynasty. By about 630 his successor Sron btsan sgampo had unified the Tibetan clans and founded an empire which over the next […]

The Early Tang: Challenges and Successes Seizing on the Sui disasters, Li Yüan, a high-ranking Sui general, rose against the emperor and went on to establish the Tang dynasty. The men under his command on the day of his revolt totaled roughly 30,000, both infantry and cavalry. Like many of the generals who hoped to […]