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John Churchill, First Duke of Marlborough. The death of the childless Charles II of Spain in 1700 and his will in favour of Philip, Duke of Anjou, brought Louis XIV’s younger grandson to the Spanish throne, but he was challenged by a rival candidate: “Charles III”, the younger son of the Austrian ruler, Leopold I. […]

The Duke of Marlborough at the Battle of Ramillies, 1706 The Battle of Ramilies, 23 May 1706. The 16th Foot charging French infantry. The year 1706 brought great success. Intent on avenging Blenheim, underestimating British strength, and concerned to push Marlborough back, Louis XIV ordered Villeroi to advance, but the consequences were disastrous for France. […]