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The final phase of the Austro-German alliance began in the wake of the Dual Monarchy’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and was highlighted by cordial exchanges-beginning in 1908-09 and lasting to the spring of 1914-between Conrad and the new German chief of the General Staff, the Younger Moltke. The two soldiers could hardly have been […]

Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany Reign 13 June 1612 – 20 March 1619 Bethlen Gábor The Bohemians increasingly looked to Bethlen Gábor to save them. The Transylvanian prince had his eyes set on the Hungarian crown, always a more realistic prospect than the Bohemian one. He […]

An Ottoman depiction of the siege from the 16th century, housed in the Istanbul Hachette Art Museum Forces Engaged Austrian: 16,000 troops and 72 guns. Commander: Philip, count palatine of Austria Ottoman: c. 120,000–125,000 (some sources claiming 300,000) Commander: Sultan Suleiman. Importance Turkish defeat at Vienna was the high-water mark of Ottoman expansion in Europe, […]