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General Henry Maitland “Jumbo” Wilson was appointed commander in chief of the Middle East and, under orders from Winston Churchill, mounted an expedition to occupy the small Greek islands of Kos, Leros, and Samos in September 1943 with the object of creating a diversion during the Italian Campaign. The expedition was a bad idea, and […]

By Spring 1917 Britain was running out of money to fund the war and the unrestricted U-boat campaign was increasingly successful in throttling its seaborne trade. In the first four months of 1917, British losses to submarines had risen from 109,954 tons (thirty-five ships) in January to 516,394 tons (155 ships) in April. At this […]

HMS Vindictive during the raid. Vindictive was an obsolete Arrogant-class protected cruiser, converted to act as the lead assault ship for the attack on the mole at Zeebrugge. She was fitted with additional armour, ramps for the troops and additional weaponry for fire support. The blockships at Zeebrugge after the raid. Photographs such as this […]