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The origin of the term Schiltron, also variously spelled schiltrum or schiltrone, is obscure. A strong body of opinion holds that it translates as a shield-round or shield-ring, but whilst at first sight attractive this interpretation is not supported by the evidence. Shield-rings as used by Saxon and Norse warriors were a defensive formation protected […]

William Marshal’s victory prevented a foreign prince from ruling England, but Lincoln’s citizens had little cause for celebration. Perviously the French were unable to capture Lincoln Castle, governed by the formidable Nichola de la Haye. The rebels invited the king of France to take the throne of England; instead Philip II’s son, Louis (the future […]