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Soldiers from the British Expeditionary Force fire at low flying German aircraft during the Dunkirk evacuation. Lieutenant General Alan Brooke, who had commanded II Corps of the British Expeditionary Force in France and Belgium, returned from Dunkirk on 30 May and on 2 June he was summoned to a meeting at the War Office in […]

The place of Malta in the general strategy of Britain’s interests determined whether it would be abandoned or defended. A dilemma arose in the 1930s from Mussolini’s development of Italian colonies in North Africa and his annexation of Ethiopia. His claim that the Mediterranean Sea was Mare Nostrum (“Our Sea”), just as the Romans had […]

A camouflaged defensive position constructed in the north wall of Pevensey Castle, East Sussex, during the Second World War. One report states: ‘At the time of the construction of the defence works in the walls of Pevensey Castle, from late July 1940 through August and September, the infantry regiment at Pevensey had been the 4th […]