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A Song Dynasty junk ship, 13th century; Chinese ships of the Song period featured hulls with watertight compartments. Naval warfare and operations were crucial to the creation and unification of the Chinese empire for over two thousand years, yet this fact has usually been overlooked in the military history of China. China has generally been […]

A 17th-century handscroll depiction of battle during the Imjin War. In 1127 the Jurchen Jin from Manchuria captured the Song capital, Kaifeng, on the Central Plains. Song sovereignty seemed on the verge of collapse, with both the emperor and the retired emperor captured. The immediate reach of the Jin army, however, was limited to the […]