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The fort at Hân al-Manqoûra (Syria) from the air.   Map of the northern section of the eastern frontier in Cappadocia and Syria. To turn from the Occident to the Orient is to enter a new world. Here, Rome took over long-established kingdoms and inherited their frontiers. Equally significantly, she faced a dangerous foe, the […]

There is no real consensus as to what such monumental linear boundaries as the walls in northern Britain or between the Rhine and Danube in Germany were for and how they functioned. Almost as puzzling are cases where Roman soldiers were distributed in very small detachments, often less than ten men, manning watchtowers, constructed in […]

Fort at Vindolanda, AD 105. The fort housed the First Tungrian cohort and a Batavian cohort. WALL OF HADRIAN By far the most famous defensive barrier in the Roman Empire; served for nearly 300 years as one of the major dividing lines between Roman Britain and the barbarians of Caledonia. With the exception of the […]