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Equestrian portrait of Catherine in the Preobrazhensky Regiment’s uniform. Battle of Chesme. The Ottoman Empire ceded some land to Russia directly (red-green stripe) and indirectly via the independence of Crimean Khanate (yellow-green stripe) which the Russians would annex in 1783. Czarina Catherine II “the Great” (1729-96) of Russia intervened militarily in Poland’s succession problems and […]

Ottoman Army Early 19th Century.  1878 plan of the fortress of Silistra on the Danube, which was occupied, after several attempts, the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12. PRINCIPAL COMBATANTS: Russia (with British alliance) vs. Ottoman Empire (with French alliance) PRINCIPAL THEATER(S): Moldavia, Wallachia (Romania) and waters off Constantinople DECLARATION: Ottoman Empire on Russia, […]

Ottoman -Russian positions around the town of Kars in the Caucasus Mountains. The Russian destruction of the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Sinope on 30 November 1853 sparked the war; painting by Ivan Aivazovsky. Russia and the Ottoman Empire massed forces on two main fronts, the Caucasus and the Danube. Ottoman leader Omar Pasha […]

Ottoman Army Early 19th Century. Portrait of Mikhail I. Kutuzov. G. Dawe, 1829. After Count Kamensky died in April 1811, Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Danube army. Several months were dedicated to preparation, and on June 22 (July 4), 1811, the Russian army thoroughly defeated the outnumbered Turkish army (15 to 20,000 against 60,000) […]